Haemangiomas and vascular malformations of the maxillofacial region—A review

Abstract 

Congenital vascular anomalies have been and remain poorly understood. Since 1982 haemangiomas and vascular malformations have been recognised as distinct entities that exhibit unique characteristics and demand appropriately tailored treatment plans. However, “haemangioma” still continues to be used as a clinical and pathological description of many different types of vascular anomalies, which complicates both the care of patients and the interpretation of reports in journals. In this review we summarise the current classification, terminology, and the pathological basis of these lesions and discuss their management. The various therapeutic options available and their outcome will be discussed in addition to the recent advances in the psychosocial aspects of care, interventional radiology, laser and pharmacological therapy.

Keywords: Haemangioma, Vascular malformation, Capillary malformation, Venous malformation, Arteriovenous malformation, Lymphatic malformation, Lymphangioma