Bronchoscopy screening in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: a 10-year experience

Abstract 

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck is associated with synchronous or metachronous carcinomas of the lung. Preoperative pulmonary screening is advocated and may be done by bronchoscopy, thoracic radiograph, computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) with CT (PET/CT fusion). We evaluated the role of bronchoscopy in patients with primary oral SCC to ascertain the incidence of synchronous malignancies of the lung.

We retrospectively reviewed a decade's experience of screening by bronchoscopy in 570 pathologically confirmed and previously untreated patients with oral SCC (188 female, 382 male). Univariate and multivariate analyses were done after evaluating the incidence of synchronous lesions and the clinical and histological features of the index tumour.

Investigation by bronchoscopy showed disease in 166 patients, and malignancy of the lung in 9 (2%). The Union International contre le Cancer (UICC) stages I and II oral SCC were significantly associated with a synchronous malignancy of the lung (p=0.038).

We recommend the use of bronchoscopy even in early tumour stages. Some patients had their treatment altered because of its use, including upstaging, diagnosis of distant and unresectable disease, and investigation of second primary malignancies.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Bronchoscopy, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Lung disease, Synchronous cancer