British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 48, Issue 1 , Pages 11-17 , January 2010

Components of socioeconomic risk associated with head and neck cancer: A population-based case–control study in Scotland

  • David I. Conway

      Affiliations

    • University of Glasgow, Faculty of Medicine, Dental School, Community Oral Health Section, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 0 141 211 9802; fax: +44 0 141 353 1593.
    • ,
  • Alex D. McMahon

      Affiliations

    • University of Glasgow, Faculty of Medicine, Dental School, Community Oral Health Section, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
    • Tel.: +44 0 141 211 9802; fax: +44 0 141 353 1593.
    • ,
  • Katrina Smith

      Affiliations

    • NHS National Services Scotland, Information Services Division, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, EH12 9EB, UK
    • ,
  • Roger Black

      Affiliations

    • NHS National Services Scotland, Information Services Division, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, EH12 9EB, UK
    • ,
  • Gerry Robertson

      Affiliations

    • Beatson Oncology Centre, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, G11 6NT, UK
    • ,
  • John Devine

      Affiliations

    • The West of Scotland Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
    • ,
  • Patricia A. McKinney

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatics, University of Leeds, 30 Hyde Terrace, Leeds, LS2 9LN, UK

,Accepted 28 March 2009.

References 

  1. NHS National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Guidance on cancer services: improving outcomes in head and neck cancers – the manual. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2004 [available at URL: http://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/CSGHN/Guidance/pdf/English].
  2. Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Teppo L, Thomas DB. Cancer incidence in five continents. vol. VIII. Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications; 2003;
  3. Cancer Information Programme. Cancer in Scotland. Edinburgh: Information Services Division NHS National Services Scotland; 2006.
  4. Conway DI, Stockton DL, Warnakulasuriya KA, Ogden G, Macpherson LM. Incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in United Kingdom (1990–1999) – recent trends and regional variation. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:586–592
  5. Conway DI, Brewster DH, McKinney PA, Stark J, McMahon AD, Macpherson LM. Widening socio-economic inequalities in oral cancer incidence in Scotland, 1976–2002. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:818–820
  6. Faggiano F, Partanen T, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Socioeconomic differences in cancer incidence and mortality. In:  Kogevinas M,  Pearce N,  Susser M,  Boffetta P editor. Social inequalities and cancer. Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications; 1997;p. 65–176
  7. Greenberg RS, Haber MJ, Clark WS, et al. The relation of socioeconomic status to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Epidemiology. 1991;2:194–200
  8. Elwood JM, Pearson JC, Skippen DH, Jackson SM. Alcohol, smoking, social and occupational factors in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Int J Cancer. 1984;34:603–612
  9. Ferraroni M, Negri E, La Vecchia C, D’Avanzo B, Franceschi S. Socioeconomic indicators, tobacco and alcohol in the aetiology of digestive tract neoplasms. Int J Epidemiol. 1989;18:556–562
  10. Bosetti C, Fanceschi S, Negri E, Talamini R, Tomei F, La Vecchia C. Changing socioeconomic correlates for cancers of the upper digestive tract. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:327–330
  11. Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Devesa SS, Faumeni JF. Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. In:  Schottenfeld D,  Fraumeni JF editor. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997;p. 666–680
  12. Registrar General for Scotland. Mid-2004 population estimates, council and health board areas. Annual report of the Registrar General of births, deaths and marriages for Scotland 2004 150th Ed. Edinburgh: General Register Office for Scotland; 2005, revised 2007 [available from URL: http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/].
  13. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Standard occupational classification. vol. 1. London: HMSO; 1990.
  14. Menvielle G, Luce D, Goldberg P, Leclerc A. Smoking, alcohol drinking, occupational exposures and social inequalities in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:799–806
  15. Scottish Executive. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive; 2004 [available from URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/simd2004].
  16. Carstairs V, Morris R. Deprivation and health in Scotland. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; 1991;
  17. Sharp L, Chilvers CE, Cheng KK, et al. Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus in women: a case–control study. Br J Cancer. 2001;85:1667–1670
  18. Conway DI, McMahon AD, Smith K, Taylor JC, McKinney PA. Socioeconomic factors influence selection and participation in a population-based case–control study of head and neck cancer in Scotland. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:1187–1193
  19. Yen IH, Moss N. Unbundling education: a critical discussion of what education confers and how it lowers risk for disease and death. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:350–351
  20. Lynge E. Unemployment and cancer: a literature review. In:  Kogevinas M,  Pearce N,  Susser M,  Boffetta P editor. Social inequalities and cancer. Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications; 1997;p. 343–351
  21. Greenwood M, Thomson PJ, Lowry RJ, Steen IN. Oral cancer: material deprivation, unemployment and risk factor behaviour – an initial study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;32:74–77
  22. In:  Whyte B,  Gordon D,  Haw S,  Fischbacher C,  Scott N,  Harrison R editor. An atlas of tobacco smoking in Scotland: a report presenting estimated smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths within Scotland. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland; 2008;[available at http://www.scotpho.org.uk/tobaccoatlas]
  23. Corrao G, Bagnardi V, Zambon A, La Vecchia C. A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases. Prev Med. 2004;38:613–619
  24. Rose G. Strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992;
  25. Stead M, MacAskill S, MacKintosh AM, Reece J, Eadie D. “It's as if you’re locked in”: qualitative explanations for area effects on smoking in disadvantaged communities. Health Place. 2001;7:333–433

PII: S0266-4356(09)00154-5

doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.03.020

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 48, Issue 1 , Pages 11-17 , January 2010

Article Tools