Abstract
Insufficient alveolar height is one of the most common problems in oral implantation,
and it may preclude placement of an implant or compromise the final aesthetic outcome
of the restoration. To solve this problem, distraction implants (DIs) have been introduced
because they can fulfill the functions of bony augmentation and implantation simultaneously
and facilitate the operation, minimise the trauma, and shorten the duration of treatment.
However, the high risk of complications such as device fracture from uneven distribution
of stress or transport bone resorption from insufficient blood supply, has impeded
their clinical use. As the cortical transport portion of the DI is more important
for bearing occlusal force than the apical support portion, and the length of the
transport portion is normally the height of the transport bone segment, lengthening
the transport portion may help to obtain a rational distribution of stress and increase
the blood supply to the transport bone. For those cases in which alveolar height is
limited, the dimension of the DI must be minimised to be applicable, so it is important
to find an optimised balance between the lengths of the transport and support portions
for a better performance. We have made a finite element analysis to optimise the length
ratio of transport:support portions. The effects of the length ratios on the stress
distribution in the jawbones were evaluated. A ratio of 8:2 showed the minimum stress
and most resistance to displacement. These results provide a valuable reference for
further improvement of designs of DI and help to promote its clinical application.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 08, 2011
Accepted:
November 11,
2011
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
