Abstract
We know of only limited data about the role of oral hygiene and the risk of oral cancer
with different standards of education. The aim of this study was to assess the association
between oral hygiene and risk of oral cancer, with stratification by standard of education,
in Chinese women. We organised a case-control study with 250 women with oral cancer
and 996 age-matched controls in Fujian, China. Data were collected by personal interview
using a structured questionnaire. We used unconditional logistic regression with stratification
by educational standard to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Tooth-brushing
twice a day or more was inversely related to the risk of oral cancer in women with
high school education or above (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.98), but not in those who
were illiterate or had primary-middle school education. Wearing dentures showed an
increased risk only in less well-educated women: the OR were 2.23 (95% CI 1.14 to
4.34) for the illiterate and 1.68 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.62) for the primary-middle school
group. The loss of more than five teeth and oral ulceration were associated with increased
risks of oral cancer in all three groups. There was also a multiplicative interaction
between oral hygiene and standard of education for risk of oral cancer (p = 0.001). Our results suggest that oral hygiene seems to have a critical role in the
risk of oral cancer in Chinese women, but this effect may be modified by their educational
standard.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Oral cavity cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2010.J Cancer Res Ther. 2015; 11: C149-C154
- Oral cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2011.Chin J Cancer Res. 2015; 27: 44-51
- Epidemiologic characteristics of oral cancer: single-center analysis of 4097 patients from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Chin J Cancer. 2016; 35: 24
- The role of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma for the males in China.J Cancer Res Ther. 2015; 11: 141-145
- Tea consumption and the risk of oral cancer incidence: a case-control study from China.Oral Oncol. 2013; 49: 918-922
- Dentition, oral hygiene, and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in Beijing, People's Republic of China.Cancer Causes Control. 1990; 1: 235-241
- Oral cancer in southern India: the influence of smoking, drinking, paan-chewing and oral hygiene.Int J Cancer. 2002; 98: 440-445
- Ill-fitting dentures and oral cancer: a meta-analysis.Oral Oncol. 2014; 50: 1058-1061
- Investigating the association between oral hygiene and head and neck cancer.Oral Oncol. 2013; 49: 1010-1017
- Risk factors for cancer of the oral cavity and oro-pharynx in Cuba.Br J Cancer. 2001; 85: 46-54
- The influence of educational level and oral hygiene behaviours on DMFT index and CPITN index in an adult Italian population: an epidemiological study.Int J Dent Hyg. 2015; 13: 151-157
- Education level responsible for inequities in oral practices among 15-34-year-old individuals in Jizan, Saudi Arabia.J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015; 5: 120-124
- Passive smoking and cooking oil fumes (COF) may modify the association between tea consumption and oral cancer in Chinese women.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016; 142: 995-1001
- Association between level of education and oral health status in 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-olds.J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 697-704
- Association between education level and dentition status in Japanese adults: Japan public health center-based oral health study.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012; 40: 481-487
- The impact of educational level on oral health-related quality of life in older people in London.Eur J Oral Sci. 2009; 117: 286-292
- Oral prophylaxis as an adjunct procedure towards prevention and management of oral cancer: rationale and application.Oral Oncol. 2014; 50: e44-e45
- Self-reported denture hygiene habits and oral tissue conditions of complete denture wearers.Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 49: 237-241
- Assessment of hygiene habits and attitudes among removable partial denture wearers in a university hospital.Niger J Clin Pract. 2015; 18: 511-515
- Tooth loss, wearing of dentures and associated factors in Sri Lankan older individuals.Gerodontology. 2005; 22: 193-199
- An experimental model to demonstrate the carcinogenic action of oral chronic traumatic ulcer.J Oral Pathol Med. 2005; 34: 17-22
- Tooth loss and risk of head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e71122
- A review of the relationship between tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cancer.Cancer Causes Control. 2008; 19: 895-907
- Oral lesions, chronic diseases and the risk of head and neck cancer.Oral Oncol. 2015; 51: 1082-1087
- Statement on mouth cancer diagnosis and prevention.Br Dent J. 2014; 216: 37-38
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 28, 2016
Accepted:
November 15,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.