Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most common of the neuropathic pains, and it can
seriously influence patients’ quality of life. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
is a type of nociceptive neurotransmitter that is expressed in neurons of the trigeminal
ganglion and plays a major part in transmitting pain. The rat model of trigeminal
neuralgia was established by causing a chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital
nerve (CCI-ION). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into a sham control group (sham, n = 6), sham-treated with palmatine group (sham + palmatine, n = 6), trigeminal nerve model group (TN, n = 6), and trigeminal nerve treated with palmatine group (TN + palmatine, n = 6). Fifteen days after the operation the mechanical response threshold was decreased
in the TN group compared with the sham group. From postoperative day 7 to day 15,
the mechanical response threshold in the TN + palmatine group significantly increased compared with the TN group. On postoperative
day 15 the results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemical
staining, and western blotting showed an obvious increase in expression of CGRP and
its receptors, serum concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), and phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) in the trigeminal
ganglia of the TN group compared with the sham group, but these increases could be
down-regulated by treatment with palmatine. Palmatine might therefore have therapeutic
potential for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by inhibiting the expression of
CGRP and its receptors in trigeminal ganglia, suppressing the serum concentrations
of IL-1β and TNF-α, and decreasing the phosphorylation of PKC in the trigeminal ganglia
of affected rats.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Update on neuropathic pain treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. The pharmacological and surgical options.Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2015; 20: 107-114
- Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research.Neurology. 2016; 87: 220-228
- The efficacy and safety of combined pulsed and conventional radiofrequency treatment of refractory cases of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study.J Anesth. 2015; 29: 728-733
- Effects of lncRNA uc. 48+ siRNA on the release of CGRP in the spinal cords of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2017; 10: 9960-9969
- Differential effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor blockade by olcegepant on mechanical allodynia induced by ligation of the infraorbital nerve vs the sciatic nerve in the rat.Pain. 2012; 153: 1939-1948
- Calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the rat trigeminovascular system: differences between peripheral and central CGRP receptor distribution.J Comp Neurol. 2008; 507: 1277-1299
- Palmatine from Mahonia bealei attenuates gut tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines.Mol Med Rep. 2016; 14: 491-498
- Gastroprotective effect of palmatine against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats.J Nat Med. 2017; 71: 257-264
- Synergistic inhibition on acetylcholinesterase by the combination of berberine and palmatine originally isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs.Mol Neurosci. 2014; 53: 511-516
- Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine on pain transmission of trigeminal neuralgia in CCI-ION rats.Brain Res Bull. 2017; 134: 72-78
- Comparison of tolerability and adverse symptoms in oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and neuralgiform headaches using the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (AEP).J Headache Pain. 2015; 16: 563
- Efficacy of stereotactic gamma knife surgery and microvascular decompression in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study of 220 cases from a single center.J Pain Res. 2016; 9: 535-542
- Carbamazepine for acute and chronic pain in adults.Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2011; 15: 335-336
- Comparative evaluation of surgical procedures for trigeminal neuralgia.J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2013; 12: 400-409
- Microsurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in patients older than 70 years: an efficacy and safety study.Neurologia. 2017; 32: 424-430
- Effectiveness of the association between carbamazepine and peripheral analgesic block with ropivacaine for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.J Pain Res. 2010; 3: 201-212
- Long-term cohort study comparing medical (oxcarbazepine) and surgical management of intractable trigeminal neuralgia.Pain. 2002; 95: 259-266
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists in the treatment of migraine.CNS Drugs. 2010; 24: 539-548
- Correlation between CGRP and migraine attacks.Cephalalgia. 2005; 25: 163-164
- The CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS peripherally alleviates inflammatory pain in rats.Pain. 2013; 154: 700-707
- Enhanced expression of CGRP in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons during cell and organ culture.Brain Res. 2007; 1173: 6-13
- Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48: 222-228
- Effects of palmatine hydrochloride mediated photodynamic therapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2019; 18: 1596-1605
- A3 adenosine receptor agonist prevents the development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by modulating spinal glial-restricted redox-dependent signaling pathways.Pain. 2014; 155: 2560-2567
- LncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA regulates neuropathic pain behaviors in type 2 diabetic rats through the P2X7 receptor in dorsal root ganglia.Mol Brain. 2016; 9: 44
- Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is dependent on the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF: implications for neuropathic pain.J Neurosci. 2011; 31: 12533-12542
- Palmatine inhibits TRIF-dependent NF-kappaB pathway against inflammation induced by LPS in goat endometrial epithelial cells.Int Immunopharmacol. 2017; 45: 194-200
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and migraine.Headache. 2006; 46: S3-S8
- Chronic prostaglandin E2 treatment induces the synthesis of the pain-related peptide substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in cultured sensory ganglion explants.J Neurochem. 2010; 115: 363-372
- PKC and PKA, but not PKG mediate LPS-induced CGRP release and [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in DRG neurons of neonatal rats.J Neurosci Res. 2001; 66: 592-600
- Isozyme-specific effects of protein kinase C in pain modulation.Anesthesiology. 2011; 115: 1261-1270
- Heat-induced release of CGRP from isolated rat skin and effects of bradykinin and the protein kinase C activator PMA.Pain. 1999; 83: 289-295
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 02, 2020
Accepted:
January 31,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
