Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if three-dimensional (3D) printed orbit
models and preoperative plate contouring provides benefit over traditional surgical
reconstruction of orbit fractures. This systematic review and meta-analysis searched
five databases to identify cases of 3D printing for orbital fracture reconstruction.
Primary outcomes were resolution of diplopia and enophthalmos, orbital volume symmetry
and operation duration. Meta-analyses were used to calculate log odds ratios (OR)
for diplopia and enophthalmos and absolute mean difference for orbital volume. A total
of 58 articles describing 906 patient cases were included. A single article for each
of diplopia and enophthalmos compared 3D printing with traditional management, which
prevented answering the primary research question. However, pre-post meta-analysis
showed that postoperative groups were less likely to have diplopia (n = 747, log OR = −2.35,
95%CI −1.72 to −2.98, p < 0.001, I2 = 10.91%) and enophthalmos (n = 486, log OR = −2.47, 95%CI −1.95 to −2.99, p < 0.001,
I2 = 11.33%) than preoperatively. Mean orbital volume did not differ between the repaired
and uninjured orbits (n = 290, mean difference = −0.13 cm3, 95%CI −0.48 to 0.22, p = 0.472, I2 = 9.48%). Pooled mean operation duration for orbital reconstruction with 3D printing
was 67.70 minutes (standard error [SE] = 4.24 minutes). Orbital reconstruction combined
with 3D printing adequately restores orbital volume symmetry and improves diplopia
and enophthalmos. Due to a lack of controlled studies, it remains unclear what contribution
3D printing alone makes to these results. Three-dimensional printing is likely a safe,
accurate and effective adjunct; however, further controlled studies are required.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: July 16, 2022
Accepted:
July 11,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
