Abstract
Orbital fractures are among the most frequent facial traumas. This study retrospectively
analysed patients treated in Umberto I Hospital Trauma-Centre, Sapienza University
of Rome from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. The inclusion criteria were as follows:
diagnosis of pure/impure orbital bone fracture, complete clinical and radiological
records, and a minimum 12-month follow up. Gender, age, aetiology, fracture type,
treatment, and associated complications were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and
p values of <0.05 were considered significant. In total, 1393 patients presented with
orbital trauma, 543 of whom met the inclusion criteria and underwent surgery (394
males (72.6%) and 149 females (27.4%); mean (range) age 39.2 (7–90) years). Assault
(n = 165, 30.4%) was the most common cause of trauma, followed by road traffic accidents
and sports-related incidents. Diplopia was the major symptom at diagnosis (n = 183,
33.6%). Open reduction and internal fixation via a sub-eyelid approach was the preferred
treatment, achieving a significant reduction in the functional changes induced by
fracture (p < 0.05). Our data will aid future studies of maxillofacial traumatology
and suggest that education and prevention measures could reduce the incidence of this
type of trauma.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Hospital-based ocular emergencies: epidemiology, treatment, and visual outcomes.Am J Emerg Med. 2014; 32: 221-224
- Blowout fractures of the orbit.Br J Plast Surg. 1965; 18: 171-179
- An analysis of pure blowout fractures and associated ocular symptoms.J Craniofac Surg. 2013; 24: 703-707
- Dimensions and volumes of the orbit and orbital fat in posttraumatic enophthalmos.Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2000; 29: 302-311
- Orbital implants in orbital fracture reconstruction: a ten-year series.Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2021; 14: 56-63
- Biomaterials in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery.Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1998; 9: 66-74
- Principles of internal fixation of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton: trauma and orthognathic surgery.Thieme Medical Publishers, 2012
- Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9543 cases with 21067 injuries.J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2003; 31: 51-61
- Mandibular fractures epidemiology and treatment plans in the center of Italy: a retrospective study.J Craniofac Surg. 2021; 32: e346-e349
- A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma.J Trauma. 1994; 36: 34-47
- Long-term physical impairment and functional outcomes after complex facial fractures.Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001; 108: 312-327
- Epidemiology of maxillo-facial trauma during COVID-19 lockdown: reports from the Hub trauma center in Milan.Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2021; 14: 277-283
- Impact of COVID19 on maxillofacial fractures in the province of L’Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. Review of 296 patients treated with statistical comparison of the two-year pre-COVID19 and COVID19.J Craniofac Surg. 2022; 33: 1182-1184
- The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of orbital floor fractures.Eur Radiol. 2002; 12: 1127-1133
- Orbital fractures in sport: a review.Sports Med. 2003; 33: 317-322
- Management of diplopia in patients with blowout fractures.Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011; 59: 461-464
- Prevalence of diplopia and extraocular movement limitation according to the location of isolated pure blowout fractures.Arch Plast Surg. 2012; 39: 204-208
- An analysis of independent variables affecting surgical outcomes in patients undergoing repair of maxillofacial trauma: an American College of Surgeons national surgical quality improvement program study.J Craniofac Surg. 2017; 28: 596-599
- Retrospective analysis of 301 patients with orbital floor fracture.J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015; 43: 244-247
- Endoscopic endonasal repair of isolated medial orbital wall fracture with balloon technique.J Craniofac Surg. 2017; 28: 1013-1106
- Endoscopic slide-in orbital wall reconstruction for isolated medial blowout fractures.Arch Craniofac Surg. 2020; 21: 345-350
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Italy, country drug report 2019, June 2019. Available from URL: https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/country-drug-reports/2019/italy_en (last accessed 30 September 2022).
ISTAT. Use of alcohol in Italy, 12 April 2017. Available from URL: https://www4.istat.it/en/archive/198907 (last accessed 30 September 2022).
- Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997.J Trauma. 2000; 49: 425-432
- The epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Italy: the experience of a single tertiary center with 1720 patients.J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017; 45: 1319-1326
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 24, 2022
Accepted:
September 21,
2022
Received in revised form:
August 29,
2022
Received:
June 16,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
