Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 60, ISSUE 10, P1332-1339, December 2022

The specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in Europe – Part 1: service configuration, regulation, and provision

Published:October 01, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.09.010

      Abstract

      Oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMFS) practice and training in Europe is supported by the OMFS Section of the Union of European Medical Specialists (UEMS). Across Europe the number of OMFS specialists per 100,000 varies from 3.0 (Switzerland) to 0.28 (Ireland). The two types of OMFS within the European Union (EU) under Directive 2005/36 and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) treaties are dual degree dental, oral and maxillofacial surgery (DOMFS) and single medical degree maxillofacial surgery (MFS). Automatic recognition of OMFS specialist qualifications is possible only between nations which have the same (or both) types of medical OMFS. Otherwise, individual specialists must apply for a Certificate of Eligibility for Specialist Registration (CESR). DOMFS: 20 European nations have dual degree OMFS. Of these, 12 EU nations are DOMFS in Annex V, 3 are DOMFS in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Treaty, and one has mandated dual degree OMFS but is a dental specialty. The United Kingdom has dual degree OMFS. Two MFS nations have had mandated dual degree training for more than 10 years and one has both DOMFS and MFS training, with DOMFS recommended. Although no nation with dual degree DOMFS has transitioned back to single degree MFS, there are pressures to do so within Finland and Norway. MFS: 11 EU nations have single medical degree MFS (and 4 DOMFS nations also have MFS as a legacy specialty). Four nations in the EU/EFTA do not yet have a medical specialty of OMFS: Sweden, Iceland, Denmark, and Estonia.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

      1. Main UEMS - Home. Available from URL: https://www.uems.eu/ (last accessed 4 October 2022).

      2. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications. Core EU Legislation: 216–61. Available from URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02005L0036-20211210&from=EN (last accessed).

        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Hölzle F.
        • et al.
        United Kingdom immigration and emigration of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) specialists 2000–2020: how might Brexit impact on OMFS?.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 58: 1304-1309
        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Hölzle F.
        • et al.
        European OMFS in the time of Brexit – where did the UK fit and how might the future look?.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 58: 1297-1303
        • Bucur M.V.
        • Shanley D.B.
        • Claffey N.
        Contents of stomatological curricula in Europe.
        Eur J Dent Educ. 2006; 10: 61-66
      3. European Court of Justice. 2013 62012CJ0492 Article 267 TFEU from the Conseil d’État (France) Oral Surgery. Available from URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:62012CJ0492&qid=1665497032468&from=EN (last accessed 12 October 2022)

        • Pabst A.
        • Goetze E.
        • Thiem D.G.
        • et al.
        An update on the current training situation of German interns in oral and maxillofacial surgery at special times in 2021.
        J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2022; 50: 380-387
        • Zeller A.N.
        • Thiem D.G.
        • Bartella A.K.
        • et al.
        Training in oral and maxillofacial surgery in Germany - residents’ satisfaction and future challenges.
        J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021; 49: 415-421
        • Pabst A.
        • Thiem D.G.
        • Bartella A.K.
        • et al.
        How is neck dissection performed in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery? Results of a representative nationwide survey among university and non-university hospitals in Germany.
        Clin Oral Investig. 2021; 25: 3007-3019
        • Kansy K.
        • Mudler A.A.
        • Mücke T.
        • et al.
        Microsurgical reconstruction of the head and neck region: current concepts of maxillofacial surgery units worldwide.
        J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015; 43: 1364-1368
        • Thiele O.C.
        • Kreppel M.
        • Dunsche A.
        • et al.
        Current concepts in cleft care: a multicenter analysis.
        J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018; 46: 705-708
      4. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The future of surgical specialities in Ireland: report of the forum on the future of surgical specialities, 21st November 2003. RCSI 2004. Available from URL: https://www.lenus.ie/handle/10147/575035 (last accessed 5 October 2022).

      5. Eastern Health Board. Development of oral & maxillofacial surgery services in the Eastern Health Board region. EHB 1999. Available from URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10147/46145 (last accessed 5 October 2022).

      6. nOspidéal C na. Oral and maxillofacial surgery services / Comhairle na nOspideal. 2005. Available from URL: https://www.lenus.ie/handle/10147/44533 (last accessed 5 October 2022).

      7. Magennis P, Ulrich HP. Oral and maxillofacial surgery European training requirement. OMFS ETR - UEMS Council approved Oct 2021. Available from URL: https://omfsuems.eu/omfs_training/oral_maxillofacial_surgery_european_training_requirement.aspx (last accessed 5 October 2022).

      8. Ontwikkelgroep Opleidingsplan MKA-chirurgi (Netherlands OMFS curriculum) (Dutch): HOOFDZAAK Opleidingsplan MKA-chirurgie. Available from URL: https://docplayer.nl/13655949-Hoofdzaak-opleidingsplan-mka-chirurgie.html (last accessed 6 October 2022).

      9. Magennis P, Ulrich HP. OMFS ETR on website of OMFS Section UEMS. Available from URL: https://omfsuems.eu/omfs_training/default.aspx (last accessed 6 October 2022).

      10. Oncology Commission Dutch Society of Oral Diseases, Jaw and Facial Surgery; Oncology Commission Dutch Society forEar, Nose and Throat Surgery of the Head and Neck Area. Training oncological head-neck surgery - a curriculum for MKA-surgeon and otolaryngologist. Available from URL: https://omfsuems.eu/_userfiles/pages/files/omfs_curricula/netherlands_oncology_omfs_and_ent_2014.pdf (last accessed 6 October 2022).

        • Al-Najjar Y.
        • Rowe A.
        • Naredla P.
        • et al.
        Three changes to reduce the loss of dual degree trainees from OMFS national specialty selection in the UK: evidence based proposals.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 60: 36-41
        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Dhariwal D.K.
        • et al.
        Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Consultant Workforce in the UK: reducing consultant numbers resulting from recruitment issues, pension pressures, changing job-plans, and demographics when combined with the COVID backlog in elective surgery, requires urgent action.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 60: 14-19
        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Douglas J.
        • et al.
        Workforce intelligence: what data do we need to collect to understand trends in substantive oral and maxillofacial surgery consultant posts? A retrospective review and plan for the future.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 58: 1317-1324
        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Dhariwal D.K.
        • et al.
        Legislation for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) in the UK lags behind the patient care we provide: an illustrative timeline and recommendations for the future.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 58: 1290-1296
        • Magennis P.
        • Begley A.
        • Brennan P.A.
        • et al.
        Changing the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) training pathway in the United Kingdom – an illustrative retrospective.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020; 58: 1261-1267
        • Magennis P.
        • Dhariwal D.K.
        • Hölzle F.
        • et al.
        Impact of Brexit - 2020 may be the first year in a decade when no new oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) trainees or new OMFS specialists from Europe started working in the UK.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 60: 86-87
      11. Scottish Needs Assessment Programme (SNAP). Needs assessment report on oral and maxillofacial surgery, December 2002. Public Health Institute of Scotland. Available from URL: https://www.scottishdental.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Oral-and-MaxFaxS-2002.pdf (last accessed 6 October 2022).

      12. British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The organisation of oral and maxillofacial surgical services in the United Kingdom: a consultation paper, June 2001. Available from URL: https://www.baoms.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/professionals/useful_resources/2001_reorganisation_of_omfs_services__formated.pdf (last accessed 6 October 2022).

      13. Morton M. Oral and maxillofacial surgery GIRFT programme national specialty report, November 2018. Available from URL: https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/OMFS-Report-May20K.pdf (last accessed 6 October 2022).

        • Fullarton M.
        • Martin I.
        • Begley A.
        • et al.
        Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) — the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Report: what happens next?.
        Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019; 57: 393-394
      14. BAOMS. Key documents related to OMFS and oral surgery training, organisation and workforce. British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Available from URL: https://www.baoms.org.uk/members/key_documents_related_to_omfs_and_oral_surgery_training_organisation_and_workforce.aspx (last accessed 6 October 2022).

      15. Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board. PMETB report on training in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Available from URL: https://www.baoms.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/Professionals/Education and Training/2008 PMETB Report into Training OMFS.pdf (last accessed 6 October 2022).